古い映画だが、ヒッチコック(Alfred Hitchcock)の「ダイヤルMを廻せ！」はシナリオとしてよくできた面白いシナリオだと思う。
登場人物は以下のとおり。
Tony Wendice
Margot Wendice
Mark Halliday
Captain Lesgate
Chief Inspector Hubbard
今回、タイプライターをつかって自力でシナリオの聴き起こし(dictation)にとりくんできた映画「ダイヤルMを廻せ」のシナリオを母語話者の協力を得て完成させることができた。いまだ完成度はあまり高くないと思うが、とりあえず完成したので嬉しい。
何度も言っていることだが、シナリオおこしができないという問題は、大きくいって二つの問題がある。
そもそも言語経験が欠如しているため、聞いたことも読んだこともないフレーズの場合が、第一の問題。そもそも文字で見たとしてもわからないのだから、これが聴き取りで聴き取れるはずもない。また、知っている単語でも、使い方が違うと聞き逃すことがある。
今回の映画では、たとえば以下がそのいくつかの例。
たとえば、pinch 。
pinch が「つねる」「はさむ」という意味は知っていたが、「しっけいする」という意味を知らなかったので、文脈で理解はできたが、映画の重要な場面での発話としては見落とした。
あと、文化性の問題。
今回の映画はヒッチコックが渡米する前のイギリスもの。イギリスはまだ行ったことがないので、イギリスものがよくわかっていない。
たとえば、"Medaville 1 Double Nine"。これは電話番号らしい。イギリス・ロンドンの電話番号など不慣れなほうが普通だろう。また架空の名前のようだが、the Grandy というレストラン名。こういうものが突然出てくると聴き取れない。地名・名前は、苦手である。
page phone とは、「呼び出し電話」ということになるのだろう。page, pager というのは後日知ったが、このときは「ページ」「頁」という意味しか知らなかったので、聴き取ることはできなかった。
scare up something は、「苦労して見つける」という意味のイディオムらしい。怖がらせるという意味の scare はもちろん知っていたが、このニュアンスでの scare は知らなかった。したがって当然聴き取ることはできなかった。イディオムというほどではないが "haul someone out of bed" やイディオムらしい "I've got that licked"。 "make off with"も同様である。つまり、知らないものは聴き取れないということだ。
ground-floor はイギリス英語。常識的な日常語だろうが、文化的にわれわれ日本人には馴染みがないので、こうした簡単な語彙でもとらえられなかった。
char-woman/charwoman も知らなかった。生活習慣からいって少し古い日常語かもしれない。
イギリス英語は少しまわりくどい言い方を好むという。まわりくどい表現方法に慣れていないため聴き取りにくい箇所があった。
・Medaville 1 Double Nine
・This is Maharasha
・to Windsor for lunch
・Oh we can have lunch at the Kings Head
・Is it right in Windsor?
・the Grandy
・I think I'll try and scare up a taxi.
・Would you tell him we're at the Grandy?
・strangled me
・ghastly accident
・Ground floor apartment
・a char-woman
・(a small tar) stain
・He had a duplicate made
・The key would still have been on him
・I used the page phone...
・you hauled me out of bed
・at the Califax Hotel
・blotting pad/ blottingpad
・I've heard of the police deliberately planting clues to ensure a conviction
・I've got that licked. （やっと解決した）
・Leadberry Street
・two men made off with （ちょろまかした）
・(a slightest chance) of this coming off
・Charing Cross Station
・before someone pinches it
・O'Brien
・flat-footed
・May the saints protect us from the gifted amateur
・Pierson
・the warden
・Williams
・(Give me a) thump if he comes
・As I pinched his latchkey,
それから、文字におこしてみると、なんだそんな簡単なことを言っているのかと、既知の単語である場合、ショックも大きくなるが、これは純粋に音の問題ということになる。
"I'll do your old press clippings."の old press を聞き逃したのは、文脈はわかっていたが、newspaper とか、article というような語彙であれば聞き逃さなかったと思うのだけれど、簡単な語彙である old, press のほうが、簡単だからこそ、聞き逃したといえる。
もうひとつは、come to think of it のような決まり文句。母語話者にとって決まり文句は慣れたもの。だから決まり文句なのだが、その発話は通常はやくなる。外国語学習者にとっては、慣れていなければ、決まり文句は（速すぎるから）聞き取れないということになる。
基礎語の句動詞のイメージをつかむことはむずかしい。むしろ日本人には big words のほうがイメージしやすい。だから、句動詞の聴き取りはむずかしい。
また、むずかしいのは、仮定法などの複文。これらはリズムとスピードの問題もある。自然のリズムとスピードの発話による複文はやはり我々には聴き取りにくい。
自分の場合、口語でよく使われる助動詞＋完了形にも弱点がうかがえる。
・And wants us for...
・You idiot
・He has four Rolls Royces and enough jewelry to sink a battleship and...
・barely see
・Let alone the ball
・Is that how you do it?
・...in stories things usually turn out the way the author wants them too and in real life they don't. Always!
・No, I'm afraid my murders would be something like my bridge. I'd make some stupid mistake and never realize till I found everybody's looking at me.
・that's a bit awkward.
・in any case I'll be back before you...
・You can always put your key under the mat
・It was in my glove all the time
・Have you written to Peggy thanking her for the weekend?
・Lend me some change, dear.
・I need some money for the taxi.
・You leave my bag alone. How much do you need anyway?
・I'll do your old press clippings.
・Put that down.
・For what?
・I paid that package you sent to Peggy
・Already paid for tip included
・Excuse, will any of you fellows
・I must have overwould it.
・I have to ...
・until I get there
・I have to run along
・Darling
・He pulled it around my throat.
・It felt like a stocking
・I got up to answer the phone and he came behind the curtain and tried to strangle me.
・I almost passed out.
・There's hardly...
・I'm trying to find
・I got such an awful head...
・You mustn't...
・until the...
・Wonder what he was after?
・When will the…
・who might've...
・They can wait until tomorrow.
・I'll tell them all they need to know.
・Remind me to get some more
・say the same thing
・I gather...
・So I gather.
・He appeared to have several...
・Come to think of it.
・But not to speak to...
・...at all
・Has the caretaker got a key?
・...one either
・...eventually
・...we went to...
・Then...
・He was with me...
・matter of fact
・It was just...
・(How long) were you on the...
・his number in the country
・When I heard...
・be good enough to...
・at the far end
・he can't have come in that way
・Well at present that appears to be the only he could have entered
・...tied in it
・...that if I were you sir
・Here's your...
・an idea's coming up
・May I have just one look here?
・in case it came to this
・The police aren't likely to believe anything I might tell them
・planted the stockings
・a word of it
・They can't hang you for a murder...
・you'd have had Margo's
・...after all
・I mean...
・I think...
・…there
・That's the...
・They are all alike
・dig a little...
・a bill at your tailors
・I'd explained it
・That answers everything, doesn't it?
・in an envelop
・No wonder you couldn't bear to...
・Well apparently...
・It might sound more (like a confession)
・It would still have been on him
・(It isn't getting me) any nearer in (what I came to find out)
・Wait a minute
・(The last check) he wrote was (on the 26th of March)
・…from his bank
・her kneeling besides (Swann's body)
・he had something of hers but she couldn't find it
・let the police (questioned her)
・The state she was in she would have told every lie under the sun
・to Charing Cross Station and left it in the check room
・(if you found) it she wouldn't (stand a chance)
・There's been a trial and an appeal
・it wouldn't mean much to you
・You'd have to admit you arrested the (wrong person)
・You'll have done it
・You might (have a word...)
・I should get all that money...
・Right away
・Look
・You can't (walk down the street like that)
・and just said I was to be taken home
・They said I could go home, but I couldn't get that door opened
・and yet
・It run into (over three hundred pounds)
・...and asked to...
・and sign for them...
・Right sir
・And it been out there (over since)
・I near to have that (breakdown)7
・Do you have a...
・this is pure guess work
聴きとりの問題としては、言語体験・語彙力や聴解力のパワーが足りないため、不安定さという問題はたくさん起こる。
冠詞や助動詞の省略形、現在形と進行形など、文法的には充分にわかっているはずなのに、音として弱音のために、聴き取りで冠詞が抜けたり、現在完了の短縮形が抜けたり、助動詞を取り間違えたり、肯定と否定で混乱したり、スピードが速くてbe able to が抜けたりする。試験で出題されればわかっている基礎文法でも、言語活動の中でしっかりと定着していないという弱点・課題なのだと実感する。
弱音で発話される前置詞などが抜けることもある*1。
それから、同様に、単語の発話が時間的に短いためなのだろう。big wordsでないput, have などのヤマト言葉の聴き取りがむずかしい。
さらに、句動詞にたいする理解の問題がある。とくに自分はやわらかいヤマト言葉の句動詞に弱いことがわかった。
文頭と文尾の聴き取りに弱いという傾向もあるかもしれない。
（Right) (Wrong)
・when I went back to look for it when I went to look for it
・I recovered the handbag I received the handbag
・from the Lost and Found from the lost and found
・and then change them and change them
・It wouldn't matter It doesn't matter
・We're enjoying every minute. We enjoy every minute.
・I think there's someone's at the door I think someone's at the door
・Psssst! Oooops!
・Maureen Mauline
・I can't read your writing I can't read the writing
・The Albert Hall Albert Hall
・Isn't he dreamy？ Isn't he dreaming?
・I'll just look I just look
・let's see how much you've got let's see what you've got
・We'll stay with you instead. We stay here with you instead.
・What must we do, play cards? Must we do play cards?
・tell him we're not coming. tell him I'm not coming.
・I think I'll try... I'll try
・There's some in the desk Some on the desk
・I'll bring Mark back for a nightcap on his way home I and Mark will back and nightcap...
・It might be rather important. It's rather important.
・I'd better get a blanket I'd better get blanket
・he used a stocking he used stockings
・You go on to bed go to bed
・It's the other stocking See other stocking
・It always runs out Always runs out
・I think it was a stocking or a scarf I think it was stockings or scarf
・the Inspector Inspector
・You were on the telephone You are on the telephone
・I told him a slightly different story I told him different story
・I would do it from the hotel I would do it in the hotel
・and start asking all sorts of questions instead of asking all sorts of questions
・In case it comes up again. In case comes up again.
・I'll just tell my husband you're here. Just tell my husband you're here.
・I've seen his report I've seen its report
・I'd like to get first hand I'd like to get first here
・That was a very nasty experience you had That was the nastiest experience you had
・The bed room, bath room are through here The bed room, bath room through here
・I do remember my watch had stopped I do remember my watch's stopped
・some confusion as to his real name some confusion to his real name
・You don't recognize him? You don't recognize?
・Na No
・Here's an old photo taken at the reunion we were at the same college together ...old photo taken at the reunion... same college together
・I always lock up when I draw the curtains I always lock up and draw the curtains
・Anyone would have realized he was dead Anyone would realize he was dead
・my wife obviously have never seen this man before my wife obviously had never seen this man before
・I'm always here when she comes I'm always with her when she comes
・His shoes. Shoes.
・he'd have left mud all over the carpet he'd let mud all over the carpet
・We'd better get all this down on paper We'd better all this down on paper
・Now Mr. Halliday, Mr.Halliday
・As you were with Mr.Wendice You were with Mr.Wendice
・You may be able to... You're maybe able to...
・telephone directory telephone directly
・what had happened what happened
・Well certainly Yes, sir
・this man was blackmailing you this man was blackmail to you
・How many times have you seen this man? How many times you've seen this man?
・maybe used in evidence maybe used as an evidence
・we've only your word for that we owe only your word for that
・burglar your flat burgle you flat
・there are only two keys there are two keys
・My husband had his with him My husband had it with him
・outside the window outside window
・stocking he used stocking used
・had a burgrary had a burglar
・intentionally intently
・on the 26th of September on the 26th September
・you'd anything to save her life you do anything to save her life
・it's her only chance it's the only chance
・The prosecution made out The prosecution made
・you left your key out here somewhere you let your key out here somewhere
・I haven't met Swann in twenty years I haven't met Swann for twenty years
・any story you like about him any story you like about it
・and planned this whole thing together and plan this whole things together
・I arranged for Swann to come here I arranged Swann to come here
・...and tried to strangle her ...and try to strangle her
・...kill the person he's blackmailing ...kill the person who's blackmailing
・you got mad she got mad
・Nobody can prove you didn't Nobody can't prove you didn't
・Well you'd put it there. Would you put it there?
・We need it badly we need a bargain
・There's your reason Here's the reason
・without murdering each other for murdering each other
・A man trying desperately to save his wife A man trying desperately save his wife
・Her life wouldn't be in danger at all The life wouldn't be in danger
・she lost the sympathy of the jury she lost sympathy of the jury
・I'd do it I'll do it
・How could I possibly have persuaded Swann to do a thing like this How could I possibly persuade Swann to do the thing like this
・can you imagine anyone believing a story like that? can you imagine or believe in the story like that?
・We wouldn't stand a chance then. It wouldn't stand the chance.
・I'm making inquiries.. I'm making inquiry...
・making inquiries at Wales garage... making inquiry of Wales garage...
・Bank statements are always jelously guarded Bank statements are always jerous regarded
・these latchkeys these latchkey
・you went to all that trouble you went all that trouble
・a large sum at dog racing large... dog racing
・rather ashamed at being caught going to dog racing when... rather ashamed...going to dog racing
・have had to bother you at this time... have bothered you at this time...
・we must try and get it back we're trying to get it back
・pick the taxi up, sir pick the taxi
・instead of a brief case instead of brief case
・something in here something here
・This money was to have been paid to a man named Swann... This money was to be paid to a man named Swann...
・with the most fantastic story you've ever heard for the most fantastic story I've ever heard
・Plannedly I bribed Swann... Plannedly I have bribed Swann...
・so I could inherit all her money so I couldn't held all the money
・...planted on the body ...planted it in his body
・And the stocking... ? And stocking...
・But he let himself in with his own key ? He could have let himself in with his own key?
・Of course Because...
・She was... She's...
・All in one pound notes All one pound notes
・What about it, Inspector What about, Inspector?
・I suspected something like that I suspect something like that
・you've made one mistake you made one mistake
・she'll deny it she'd deny it
・If I told that story of his, would anyone... If I told that story, is there anyone...
・Thank you. I think I will. Thank you for everything. I will.
・taking a look sir to make sure he's gone taking a look at to make sure he's gone
・sir I was asked to tell you I'd like to tell you
・You can tell us all about it now You're telling all about this now
・Has anytning happened to him? Is anything happened to him?
・had planned to murder you had a plan to murder you
・How long have you known this? How long have you learned this?
・you were you're
・we he
・we have nothing else to fear we have nothing to fear
・Quiet, now you two. Quiet, now you do.
・I'm afraid we've had it this time I'm afraid ...this time
今回、半年くらいかけて、自分で台本をおこし、そして母語話者の協力を得て完成させてみてのだが、これがたいへん勉強になった。
*1:作成したシナリオを時間をかけて文法的に見直せば、多少は校正できるとは思うが、そうした作業はやっていない。
